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P-boxes and probability bounds analysis have been used in many applications spanning many disciplines in engineering and environmental science, including: * Engineering design〔Aughenbaugh, J. M., and C.J.J. Paredis (2007). (Probability bounds analysis as a general approach to sensitivity analysis in decision making under uncertainty ). ''SAE 2007 Transactions Journal of Passenger Cars: Mechanical Systems, (Section 6)'' 116: 1325–1339, SAE International, Warrendale, Pennsylvania.〕 * Expert elicitation〔Flander, L., W. Dixon, M. McBride, and M. Burgman. (2012). Facilitated expert judgment of environmental risks: acquiring and analysing imprecise data. ''International Journal of Risk Assessment and Management'' 16: 199–212.〕 * Analysis of species sensitivity distributions〔Dixon, W.J. (2007). (''The use of Probability Bounds Analysis for Characterising and Propagating Uncertainty in Species Sensitivity Distributions'' ). Technical Report Series No. 163, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Sustainability and Environment. Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.〕 * Sensitivity analysis in aerospace engineering of the buckling load of the frontskirt of the Ariane 5 launcher〔Oberguggenberger, M., J. King and B. Schmelzer (2007). (Imprecise probability methods for sensitivity analysis in engineering ). ''Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Imprecise Probability: Theories and Applications'', Prague, Czech Republic.〕 * ODE models of chemical reactor dynamics〔Enszer, J.A., Y. Lin, S. Ferson, G.F. Corliss and M.A. Stadtherr (2011). Probability bounds analysis for nonlinear dynamic process models. ''AIChE Journal'' 57: 404–422.〕〔Enszer, Joshua Alan, (2010). Verified Probability Bound Analysis for Dynamic Nonlinear Systems. Dissertation, University of Notre Dame.〕 * Pharmacokinetic variability of inhaled VOCs〔Nong, A., and K. Krishnan (2007). Estimation of interindividual pharmacokinetic variability factor for inhaled volatile organic chemicals using a probability-bounds approach. ''Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology'' 48: 93–101.〕 * Groundwater modeling〔Guyonnet, D., F. Blanchard, C. Harpet, Y. Ménard, B. Côme and C. Baudrit (2005). (Projet IREA—Traitement des incertitudes en évaluation des risques d'exposition, Annexe B, Cas «Eaux souterraines». Rapport BRGM/RP-54099-FR, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, France. )〕 * Bounding failure probability for series systems〔Fetz, T., and F. Tonon (2008). (Probability bounds for series systems with variables constrained by sets of probability measures. ) ''International Journal of Reliability and Safety'' 2: 309–339. .〕 * Heavy metal contamination in soil at an ironworks brownfield〔Augustsson, A., M. Filipsson, T. Öberg, B. Bergbäck (2011). Climate change—an uncertainty factor in risk analysis of contaminated land. ''Science of the Total Environment'' 409: 4693–4700.〕〔Baudrit, C., D. Guyonnet, H. Baroudi, S. Denys and P. Begassat (2005). (Assessment of child exposure to lead on an ironworks brownfield: uncertainty analysis ). ''9th International FZK/TNO Conference on Contaminated Soil – ConSoil2005, Bordeaux, France'', pages 1071–1080.〕 * Uncertainty propagation for salinity risk models〔Dixon, W.J. (2007). (''Uncertainty Propagation in Population Level Salinity Risk Models'' ). Technical Report Technical Report Series No. 164, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research. Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia〕 * Power supply system safety assessment〔Karanki, D.R., H.S. Kushwaha, A.K. Verma, and S. Ajit. (2009). Uncertainty analysis based on probability bounds (p-box) approach in probabilistic safety assessment. ''Risk Analysis'' 29: 662–75.〕 * Contaminated land risk assessment〔Sander, P., B. Bergbäck and T. Öberg (2006). Uncertain numbers and uncertainty in the selection of input distributions—Consequences for a probabilistic risk assessment of contaminated land. ''Risk Analysis'' 26: 1363–1375.〕 * Engineered systems for drinking water treatment〔Minnery, J.G., J.G. Jacangelo, L.I. Boden, D.J. Vorhees and W. Heiger-Bernays (2009). Sensitivity analysis of the pressure-based direct integrity test for membranes used in drinking water treatment. ''Environmental Science and Technology'' 43(24): 9419–9424.〕 * Computing (soil screening levels )〔Regan, H.M., B.E. Sample and S. Ferson (2002). Comparison of deterministic and probabilistic calculation of ecological soil screening levels. ''Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry'' 21: 882–890.〕 * Human health and ecological risk analysis by the U.S. EPA of PCB contamination at the Housatonic River Superfund site〔U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Region I), (GE/Housatonic River Site in New England )〕〔Moore, D.R.J., R.L Breton, T.R DeLong, S. Ferson, J.P Lortie, D.B MacDonald, R. McGrath, A. Pawlisz, S.C Svirsky, R.S. Teed, R.P Thompson, and M. Whitfield Aslundz (2015). (Ecological risk assessment for mink and short-tailed shrew exposed to PCBs, dioxins, and furans in the Housatonic River area ). ''Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management''. .〕 * Environmental assessment for the Calcasieu Estuary Superfund site〔U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Region 6 Superfund Program), (Calcasieu Estuary Remedial Investigation )〕 * Aerospace engineering for supersonic nozzle thrust〔Roy, C.J., and M.S. Balch (2012). (A holistic approach to uncertainty quantification with application to supersonic nozzle thrust ). ''International Journal for Uncertainty Quantification'' 2: 363-381. .〕 * Verification and validation in scientific computation for engineering problems〔Oberkampf, W.L., and C. J. Roy. (2010). ''Verification and Validation in Scientific Computing''. Cambridge University Press.〕 * Toxicity to small mammals of environmental mercury contamination〔Regan, H.M., B.K. Hope, and S. Ferson (2002). (Analysis and portrayal of uncertainty in a food web exposure model ). ''Human and Ecological Risk Assessment'' 8: 1757–1777.〕 * Modeling travel time of pollution in groundwater〔Ferson, S., and W.T. Tucker (2004). Reliability of risk analyses for contaminated groundwater. ''Groundwater Quality Modeling and Management under Uncertainty'', edited by S. Mishra, American Society of Civil Engineers Reston, VA.〕 * Reliability analysis〔Crespo, L.G., S.P. Kenny, and D.P. Giesy (2012). (Reliability analysis of polynomial systems subject to p-box uncertainties ). ''Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing'' 37: 121–136. 〕 * Endangered species assessment for reintroduction of Leadbeater's possum〔Ferson, S., and M. Burgman (1995). (Correlations, dependency bounds and extinction risks ). ''Biological Conservation'' 73: 101–105.〕 * Exposure of insectivorous birds to an agricultural pesticide〔Ferson, S., D.R.J. Moore, P.J. Van den Brink, T.L. Estes, K. Gallagher, R. O'Connor and F. Verdonck. (2010). Bounding uncertainty analyses. Pages 89–122 in ''Application of Uncertainty Analysis to Ecological Risks of Pesticides'', edited by W. J. Warren-Hicks and A. Hart. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.〕 * Climate change projections〔〔Kriegler, E., and H. Held (2005). (Utilizing belief functions for the estimation of future climate change ). ''International Journal of Approximate Reasoning'' 39: 185–209.〕〔Kriegler, E. (2005). (''Imprecise probability analysis for integrated assessment of climate change'' ), Ph.D. dissertation, Universität Potsdam, Germany.〕 * Waiting time in queuing systems〔Batarseh, O.G.Y., (2010). ''An Interval Based Approach to Model Input Uncertainty in Discrete-event Simulation''. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Central Florida.〕 * Extinction risk analysis for spotted owl on the Olympic Peninsula〔Goldwasser, L., L. Ginzburg and S. Ferson (2000). Variability and measurement error in extinction risk analysis: the northern spotted owl on the Olympic Peninsula. Pages 169–187 in ''Quantitative Methods for Conservation Biology'', edited by S. Ferson and M. Burgman, Springer-Verlag, New York.〕 * Biosecurity against introduction of invasive species or agricultural pests〔Hayes, K.R. (2011). ''Uncertainty and uncertainty analysis methods: Issues in quantitative and qualitative risk modeling with application to import risk assessment ACERA project (0705)''. Report Number: EP102467, CSIRO, Hobart, Australia.〕 * Finite-element structural analysis〔Zhang, H., R.L. Mullen, and R.L. Muhanna (2010). (Finite element structural analysis using imprecise probabilities based on p-box representation ). Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Reliable Engineering Computing (REC 2010).〕〔Zhang, H., R. Mullen, R. Muhanna (2012). (Safety Structural Analysis with Probability-Boxes ). ''International Journal of Reliability and Safety'' 6: 110–129.〕 * Cost estimates〔Mehl, C.H. (2013). P-boxes for cost uncertainty analysis. ''Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing'' 37: 253–263. 〕 * Nuclear stockpile certification〔Sentz, K., and S. Ferson (2011). Probabilistic bounding analysis in the quantification of margins and uncertainties. ''Reliability Engineering and System Safety'' 96: 1126–1136.〕 * Fracking risks to water pollution〔Rozell, Daniel J., and Sheldon J. Reaven (2012). Water pollution risk associated with natural gas extraction from the Marcellus Shale. ''Risk Analysis'' 32: 1382–1393.〕 ==References== 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Applications of p-boxes and probability bounds analysis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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